Thyroid autoimmunity role of thyroid in antibodies in thyroid and extra thyroidal diseases

K.Malleswari , D. Rama Bramha Reddy , A. Satish

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) refers to a spectrum of various diseases, with two extremes of clinical presentation, hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and hyperthyroidism (Graves–Basedow disease (GBD)). Both conditions are characterized by presenting a cellular and humoral autoimmune reaction, with an increase in the synthesis and secretion of antibodies directed toward various thyroid antigens, together with a phenomenon of thyrocyte necrosis and apoptosis (in HT) and a persistent thyrotropin-receptor stimulation (in GBD). The diagnosis of both entities is based on clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings. Three major anti-thyroid antibodies have been described, those directed against the TSH receptor (TRAb), against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb), and against thyroglobulin (TgAb). Each of these autoantibodies plays a fundamental role in the diagnostic approach of autoimmune thyroid disease. TRAbs are the hallmark of GBD, and additionally, they are predictors of response to disease treatment, among other utilities. Likewise, TPOAb and TgAb allow for identifying individuals with a higher risk of progression to hypothyroidism; the positivity of one or both autoantibodies defines the presence of thyroid autoimmunity. In this review, the usefulness of anti-thyroid antibodies in the diagnostic approach to autoimmune thyroid disease is described.

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"Thyroid autoimmunity role of thyroid in antibodies in thyroid and extra thyroidal diseases", IJSDR - International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (www.IJSDR.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.9, Issue 2, page no.74 - 81, February-2024, Available :https://ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2402013.pdf

Volume 9 Issue 2, February-2024

Pages : 74 - 81

Paper Reg. ID: IJSDR_209971

Published Paper Id: IJSDR2402013

Downloads: 000347424

Research Area: Pharmacy

Country: sattenapalli, andhra pradesh, India

Published Paper PDF: https://ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2402013

Published Paper URL: https://ijsdr.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJSDR2402013

ISSN: 2455-2631 | IMPACT FACTOR: 9.15 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016

An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 9.15 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator

Publisher: IJSDR(IJ Publication) Janvi Wave

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