Epidemiology and Subtypes of Haematological Neoplasms, and Diagnostic Challenges in Nigeria.
T. I. Otu
, U. G. Ejikeme
Haematological Neoplasms, Epidemiology, Subtypes, Diagnostic Challenges, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT: Background: Information on the epidemiology and subtypes of Haematological Neoplasms (HNs) in a region are imperative for decisions on effective and efficient patients’ care and health policy formulation on HNs. Little was known about the epidemiology and subtypes of HNs in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. Hence, this study determined the epidemiology and subtypes of HNs at University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Gwagwalada, FCT. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of all haematological malignancies diagnosed at UATH from January 2005 - December 2020. The data abstracted from patients’ medical register at the Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion included morphologic/histologic types and subtypes of HNs, sex, age, state of origin, occupation, education, place of residence, marital status, co-morbidity at diagnosis, stage at diagnosis and socioeconomic status. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 and Microsoft Excel version 16 software. Result: A total of 328 HNs were diagnosed, with male predominance, 63.4% of the HNs, while females constituted (36.6%), with the male to female ratio of 1.8:1, and overall median age at diagnosis of 44.5 years ± 21.30, 75% of the HNs cases presented in late stage (III & IV) disease. The distribution of HNs by subtypes showed that Small lymphocytic lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SLL, NHL); Mixed cellularity Hodgkin’s lymphoma (MCHL); Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL); Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), FAB L2; and Multiple myeloma (MM), were the most common lymphoid HN subtypes, while Diffuse mixed small and large cell NHL; Lymphocyte depleted Hodgkin’s lymphoma (LDHL); Chronic lymphocytic/prolymphocytic leukaemia (CLL/PLL), ALL FAB L3; MGUS and WM were the least common subtypes. Granulocytic Leukaemia Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+); Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) FAB M4; Polycythaemia Vera (PV), and Refractory Anaemia (RA) were the most prevalent myeloid HNs observed, while Chronic neutrophilic leukaemia (CNL); AML, FAB M3 and FAB M5; Essential thrombocythaemia and Myelofibrosis were the less common subtypes seen. Conclusion: The most common HNs subtypes in this study were SLL, MCHL, CLL, FAB L2. MM, CML Ph+, FAB M4, PV and RA. HNs occurred at a younger age, with median age at diagnosis of 44.4 years ± 21.30 years, in contrast to the older age in the Western countries where median age at diagnosis was 67Years. 75% of the Patients presented with advanced stage disease (III & IV). Our findings agreed with similar reports within and outside Nigeria. We highlighted the diagnostic challenges and advocate for provision of essential ancillary diagnostic facilities that are imperative for standard clinical care and better management outcome.
"Epidemiology and Subtypes of Haematological Neoplasms, and Diagnostic Challenges in Nigeria.", IJSDR - International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (www.IJSDR.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.8, Issue 7, page no.303 - 311, July-2023, Available :https://ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2307040.pdf
Volume 8
Issue 7,
July-2023
Pages : 303 - 311
Paper Reg. ID: IJSDR_207607
Published Paper Id: IJSDR2307040
Downloads: 000347342
Research Area: Medical Science
Country: Gwagwalada Area Council., Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
DOI: http://doi.one/10.1729/Journal.35097
ISSN: 2455-2631 | IMPACT FACTOR: 9.15 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016
An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 9.15 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator
Publisher: IJSDR(IJ Publication) Janvi Wave
