Assessment of Serum Amyloid Protein A, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and some Liver Enzymes in HIV seropositive with Malaria co-infection in NAUTH Nnewi, Nigeria
Ofia A Kalu
, Nkiruka R Ukibe , Augustine C Ihim , Joshua C Onyibor, Chimezie J Awalu , Gloria E Ukibe, Blessing C Ukibe
Inflammatory marker, HIV, Malaria, co-infection, liver enzymes, HAART, Nigeria
Objective: Co-infection with malaria is a common problem in HIV-infected patients living in endemic areas, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Co-infection of HIV with malaria increases mortality and is associated with strong CD4+ cell activation and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, providing an ideal micro-environment for the spread of the virus among CD4+ cells and thus for rapid HIV-1 replication. This is a cross-sectional case controlled study aimed to evaluate the levels of serum amyloid protein A (SAA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α) and some liver enzymes in HIV infected individuals attending the Antiretroviral Therapy Unit (ART) in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi, Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 130 participants aged between 18 and 65 years were randomly recruited and the participants were grouped into Group A: HIV co-infection with Malaria (n=32), Group B: HIV positive subjects without Malaria (n=33), Group C: HIV negative subjects Malaria (n=32) and Group D: apparently healthy individuals (n=33) as the control. 6 milliliters (6ml) of blood sample was collected from each of the participants for determination of SAA and TNF- α using the ELISA method. Alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT, AST) were done using colorimetric method. A standard questionnaire was used for the collection of their demographic data. Clinical Data including CD4 counts were obtained from the patient’s data in the register. Results: The results showed significantly higher serum SAA, TNF- α, AST and ALT levels in HIV/malaria co-infected individuals than in those with single infections and in control subjects (p≤.05 respectively). Similarly, BMI, SBP and DBP were significantly higher in HIV/mal co-infected individuals when compared with HIV seropositive, malaria positive individuals and control participants (p≤.05 respectively). Conclusion: The findings revealed significant variations in the levels of SAA, TNF- alpha and liver enzymes in co-infected individuals indicating the presence of active inflammatory response and immune activation, shedding light on disease severity and liver disease progression due to a potential synergistic effect of co-existing HIV and malaria infections on liver health. The significantly higher BMI, SBP and DBP values shows evidence of overweight and possible hypertension which suggests risk of developing cardiovascular disease and may be exposed to heart failure if neglected
"Assessment of Serum Amyloid Protein A, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and some Liver Enzymes in HIV seropositive with Malaria co-infection in NAUTH Nnewi, Nigeria", IJSDR - International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (www.IJSDR.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.8, Issue 9, page no.608 - 615, September-2023, Available :https://ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2309090.pdf
Volume 8
Issue 9,
September-2023
Pages : 608 - 615
Paper Reg. ID: IJSDR_208597
Published Paper Id: IJSDR2309090
Downloads: 000347259
Research Area: Other
Country: -, -, Nigeria
DOI: http://doi.one/10.1729/Journal.36105
ISSN: 2455-2631 | IMPACT FACTOR: 9.15 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016
An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 9.15 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator
Publisher: IJSDR(IJ Publication) Janvi Wave
